2016考研英语阅读解题技巧：推理题

备考指导来源：中公考研 2015-12-19　

推理题是考研阅读中比较经常出现的题型，通常会要求考生在阅读完某一段或全文以后，能够得出一个什么样的结论，或者对某一结论判断正误之类。推理题要求考生对文章段落的含义有一个大体准确的把握，下面来学习一下阅读推理题的解题技巧和思路。

“最近原则”

1、标志：learn, infer, imply, inform

2、看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。

3、依据原文的意思进行三错一对的判断。先不要进行推理，若有一个选项跟原文的意思一模一样，则该选项必然是正确答案。推理题不是考察我们的想象力，它实际是考察我们原文中的某几个点。如一个、两个点所涉及的问题我们读透了没有。因此，不推的比推的好;推的近的比推的远的要好。

4、推理题的最近答案原则：不推的要比推的好，推的近的要比推的远的好，直接推出的要比间接推的好。(原文的某句话变个说法)

【注意】：做题时不能想得太多，推得过远。是否把原文读懂才是关键。

【真题例举】

It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful，provocative magazine cover story，“I love My Children，I Hate My Life，”is arousing much chatter–nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling，life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable，Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness：instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy，we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard，Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight。”

The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive–and newly single–mom Sandra Bullock， as well as the usual“Jennifer Aniston is pregnant”news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom，or mom-to-be，smiling on the newsstands。

In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation，is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing?It doesn’t seem quite fair，then，to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids，but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world：obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives。

Of course，the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic，especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples，single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there，considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on;yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it，raising a kid on their“own”(read：with round-the-clock help)is a piece of cake。

It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous：most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free，happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small，subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience，in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting“ the Rachel”might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston。

【问题】

We learn from Paragraph 2 that

A.celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip。

B.single mothers with babies deserve greater attention。

C.news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining。

D.having children is highly valued by the public。

【解析】

题干和选项译文：

我们从第二段可以知道。

A. 名人妈妈们是八卦永恒的焦点

B. 单亲妈妈理应受到更多的关注

C. 关于名人怀孕的新闻很具有娱乐性

D. 大众认为有孩子是一件很有价值的事

答案：D

A是not given选项，原文并没有对这个事实作出判断;B这个选项也是not given选项，原文也没有得出结论;C这个选项本身是正确的，从各大报纸选取名人怀孕的新闻就可见这个新闻的娱乐性，但是D却是和文章主题相关的选项，被视为最佳选项，因此这个题目最后的入选选项为D而不是C。

【方法总结】

推理题与细节题不同的一点是：要选择最佳选项而不仅仅是正确选项。那要注意的是，首先，要保证选项是正确的，这就要求对所属段落的文意要进行正确地理解，其次，既然要选择最佳选项，那何为“最佳”就成了正确回答推理题的关键。其实最佳选项就是要与文章的中心思想保持一致的选项，通过对文章的阅读，理解作者在字里行间并未明说却明确想要传达的意思，或者可以关注相关段落的段首段末主旨句，一般都能大概表明作者的立场。