2016考研英语阅读解题技巧：例证题

备考指导来源：中公考研 2015-12-19　

例证题，顾名思义，原文中必然会有“故事”，而不仅仅是叙述和议论，这就要求我们要对所提到的故事情节有一个大概的了解，并能够明白这个故事是为了证明作者的哪个观点而存在的。很多考生往往这两方面不能兼顾，而导致做例证题常常力不从心，下面就例证题和大家进行分享。

1、例证题的标记：当题干中出现example, case, illustrate, illustration, exemplify时。

2、返回原文，找出该例证所在的位置，既给该例子定位。

3、搜索该例证周围的区域，90%向上，10%向下，找出该例证支持的观点。例子周围具有概括抽象性的表达通常就是它的论点。

注意：举例的目的是为了支持论点或是为了说明主题句。举例后马上问这个例子说明了什么问题?不能用例子中的话来回答这个问题。

4、找出该论点，并与四个选项比较，得出选项中与该论点最一致的答案。

5、例证题错误答案设计的干扰特征经常是：就事论事，即用例子中的某一内容拉出来让你去选。

要求：在阅读中，遇到长的例子，立即给这个例子定位，即找出起始点，从哪开始到哪结束。

【真题例举】

The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science。

What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius。

The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research。

As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy。

As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace。

【问题】

The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves 。

A.controversies over the recipients’status

B.the joint effort of modern researchers

C.legitimate concerns over the new prizes

D.the demonstration of research findings

【解析】

题干和选项译文：

希格斯玻色子的发现是一个涉及的典型事例。

A. 对新奖项的合理担忧

B. 对获奖人身份的争议

C. 现代研究者的共同努力

D. 研究结果的展示

根据例证题的思路定位到第四段第三句：But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson。在以上的海量信息中，解题的关键点是：collaborative nature of modern research。而同学们的解题难点就在于如何从这个海量信息中找出这个关键点。as will be demonstrated之后的内容就是题干的信息：希格斯玻色子。这个例子所证明的结论或观点就是前面的这句话：But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research。对这句话的理解是关键：A has been outgrown by B, B已经使A过时了。这里的B就是collaborative nature of modern research，而后面的例子证明的就是这个结论。能够和原文的定位点构成同义替换的只有C选项。

【方法总结】

例证题首先需要根据题干定位到包含例子的句子，再寻找例子所对应的观点或结论。然后将选项与这个观点或结论进行对比，同义替换的为正确答案。准确定位的一个简单方法就是找关键词，根据题干关键词准确定位到原文所在段落，并联系上下文了解作者当前要表达的观点，然后对照选项进行同义转换。

不同的题型有不同的应对方法，但对于英语阅读的复习却是应对不同题型的通用法宝，不管是词汇、长难句的积累，还是语感的把握，都能为不同解题方法的实施更好地奠定基础，大家一定要双管齐下，才能在考场上出奇制胜。