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一、关于并列句
所谓并列句,顾名思义,就是两个或两个以上的简单句或句子成分,用并列连词连接在一起构成的句子。从语法结构上来说,就是句子与句子之间做“加法”,所谓的“加号”就是各种各样的连接词。但从表达意思上来说,句间关系却不是简单的叠加,一般来说有以下几种情况:
1、并列关系,即相连接的两个或多个句子或成分之间,从逻辑上来说是并列关系,常见的情况有:...and...、both...and...、...as well as...、not only...but (also)...、neither...no...等;
2、转折或对比关系,即相连接的两个或多个句子或成分之间,从逻辑上来说是转折关系或对比关系,常见的连接词有:but、however、while、yet、nevertheless等;
3、因果关系,即相连接的两个或多个句子或成分之间,从逻辑上来说是因果关系,常见的连接词有:for、so、so that、therefore、because等;
4、选择关系,即相连接的两个或多个句子或成分之间,从逻辑上来说是因果关系,常见的连接词有:or、either...or...、not...but...、or else等;
二、例句解析
【例句1】You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction and deduction,that by the help of these operations,they,in a sort of sense,manage to extract from nature certain natural laws,and that out of these,by some special skill of their own,they build up their theories.
【译文】你们都多次听说过,科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的,他们用这些方法,在某种意义上说,力求从自然界找出某些自然规律,然后他们根据这些规律,用自己的某种非同一般的本领,建立起他们的理论。
【解析】句子的框架是You have all heard it…that…,that…,and that…。句中的it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的三个并列分句:(1)that men of science work…and deduction;(2)that by the help of these operations,they…manage to…certain natural laws;(3)and that…,they…their theories.在第二个分句中,they指代前面的men of science,these operations指前文的means of induction and deduction;在第三个分句中,代词these指代第二个分句中的certain natural laws.
【例句2】Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications,people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.
【译文】大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求,不断接触到新的习俗和思想,由于上述原因,政府常常得推出更多的革新。
【解析】句子的框架是Owing to…,people everywhere are feeling…and are being exposed to,while governments are often forced to…。这里出现了两个并列,第一个并列是and连接的两个谓语成分“are feeling”和“are being exposed to”,第二个并列是while连接的,与前句形成对比关系。
看了例子你应该会明白,并列句看起来简单,但在实际应用中有可能变得很复杂。因此,希望2016考研小伙伴们不要轻视每一个语法点,从最简单的开始,把语法基础夯实打牢,把考研英语长难句妥妥地攻破!
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