2015考研英语：高频出现的经济类真题

考研英语来源：文都教育 2014-09-12　

暑期过后，相信考生们的通过第一轮真题的完成已经对考研阅读理解的题材有所了解，题材涉及社会科学、自然科学、人文科目，其中社会科学所占比重较大，其常涉及的领域有经济学、心理学、教育学等，今天老师就带各位考生一起来看一下考研英语真题中的经济类型题材真题，为考生向高分冲锋助力！

一、词汇积累

由于考研英语命题的时效性强，命题的题材高频率稳定，因此考生想要对经济类题材比其他考生掌握的更胜一筹，就要多关注诸如《经济学人》、《新闻周刊》、《时代》、《华盛顿邮报》等考研英语命题同源期刊上的文章，对词汇和长难句进行积累。首先了解经济类术语，考生可以试着将每年真题中出现的经济类词汇加以总结，方便记忆、熟悉含义和用法。
在高频经济类词汇中，考生要注意经济类文章中的特定含义的词汇，如captive资本、interest利率、swing经济趋势。此外还要掌握相关词组economic crisis 经济危机、financial crisis 金融危机、economic depression 经济萧条、economic revival 经济复苏、private enterprise 私营企业、enterprise in the red 亏损企业、commodity prices 商品价格、price index 价格指数、supplier 供货商、exchange rate 汇率。

二、解题技巧

要做好考研英语的经济类文章，在词汇积累以及分析句子结构的基础上，还要仔细研究真题。即要抓住文章主旨要义，弄清作者到底在写什么。

2007年Text3一文中，分别考察了细节题、推断题和主旨题。可以说经济类的文章考察的题目类型较多，有些“偷换概念”的地方，如the safety net偷换了原文的信息the parachute，原文中说的是“保护伞”消失了，而不是“安全网”消失了。命题人同样也会设计“正反混淆”的题目，如原文的信息是家庭不得不为利润和股票市场的波动担忧，而更为残酷的现实是他们甚至担忧退休金无法养活自己。只是说退休人员的安全感降低了，并不像题干中A.B选项说的“a higher sense of security”、“less secured payments”，同样，“无中生有”即把原文中未曾提到的内容，作为题干供考生选择，也是命题的一种方式。还需考生擦亮眼睛，通过不断的做题实践中积累宝贵的经验。

三、真题再现

2007年Text3属于经济类文章，主要介绍了处于悬崖边缘的美国中产阶级所面临的风险增加的现状，首先，作者指出了美国劳动力成分的变化导致中产阶级风险的增加。之后作者评论道，美国总统关于健康储蓄的政策加剧了经济的风险。最后作者指出经济的不良后果已经显现，并且可能会对政治产生影响。下面我们来一起看一下真题原文：

During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback -- a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.

During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest-rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen -- and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families' future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent -- and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance -- have jumped eightfold in just one generation.

From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.

（注：划线部分为长难句）