2017考研英语：阅读三大技巧找到文章主旨

考研英语来源：考试吧 2016-08-24　

针对英语阅读，考生应该要整合之前积累的知识点，掌握快速解题的技巧。

根据考试的难度和得分策略，五种题型中最耗时的题型是主旨题，其原因在于考生对于文章主旨和框架的结构理解不够透彻。

主旨题虽然在考研英语中的考频只有10%左右，但由于主旨题考查考生对于整篇文章中心的宏观把握，所以很多考生遇主旨题必错。其实掌握了主旨题的快速解题技巧后，这个题型对大家就是必得分题了。主旨题的快速解题技巧有如下几种：

1、串珠法。"珠"指的是各个段落的中心，串珠法是把各个段落的中心串联起来，然后进行归纳总结。具体的操作过程是：首先判定每个段落的中心;其次，根据每个段落的中心串联起来组成文章的中心。

例：2009 Text 2

30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.

[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA testing

[B] DNA Testing and It's Problems

[C] DNA Testing Outside the La

[D] Lies Behind DNA Testing

Para1: All he needs to do is … paternity testing kit (PTK)

Para2: More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs

Para3: Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing (PTK)…

Para4: Most tests require collecting cells …

Para5: But some observers are skeptical …

Para6: Critics also argue that …

根据各个段落的中心句，可以看出文章的前部分主要讲PTKS的受欢迎度和购买人数多，第五段出现了转折，后两段出现了skeptical和critics，表示一种"批判，质疑"的态度，所以文章的中心应该包括两个方面。因此答案锁定在A和B。二者的区别在于against和problem,二者都表示否定，但是程度不同，前者表示完全否定，后者表示部分否定。文章出现了skeptical和critics，表示"质疑"是部分否定，因此答案选B。

2、篇首覆盖法

如果一个单词的多种形式(同词、同义/反义词、同根词)或短语在一篇文章的篇首反复出现，那么这个单词或短语则是文章的主题词。

【举例讲解】

例：I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room - a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening, one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening, I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.… [2010, Text2(二)]

29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists

B. Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities

C. Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage

D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different

根据题干特征可知这是一道主旨题，主旨题可利用主题复现法来解，通过抓前两段的主题词可确定全文中心。本文我们利用主题词复现的形式：同词复现、同义复现以及同根复现可以找出前两段的复现有"talkative"，"talk"，"talker"以及"conversation"，因此我们可以确定该篇文章的主题词是"交谈，交流"，D项中的"Conversational patterns"是主题词的同根复现，故正确。A项和B项的错误属于无中生有，C项的干扰性较大，很多考生会错选该选项，但只要把握好全文主题词是"talk"，这个选项也是很好排除的。

明确了必得分题型的快速解题技巧之后，接下来我们一起学习高失分题的快速解题技巧。

3、框架法。中心法是利用文章中心提出方式来确定整篇文章的主旨。考研英语阅读文章常见的中心提出方式有：

方式1："开门见山型"-直接提出主旨，不会迟于第二段。

方式2："抛砖引玉型"-以他山之石的观点、故事等引出主旨。

方式3："话锋一转型"-转折之后，主旨方显。

方式4："设问回答型"-用设问提出问题，以答案呈现主旨。

【举例讲解】

例：Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S. excels. But other struggles test those qualities too…

Now there is a similar challenge: global warming. The steady deterioration (恶化) of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any measure, the U.S. is losing. Indeed, if America is fighting at all, it's fighting on the wrong side…

The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its plans, which too often would fix little…

Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 year…[2009,Text4]

56. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Human wars. B. Economic crisis.

C. America's environmental policies. D. Global environment in general.

【解析】根据题干特征可知这是一道主旨题，到了冲刺阶段，我们主旨题可利用中心法快速解出。文章首段的复现词是war和Americans /U.S.，主要讲美国人和战争的话题。

第二段段首出现了similar，说明文章属于"抛砖引玉"类，后面引出文章主旨，即：global warming，因此初步判定，本文中心讲"global warming"，而且该段还出现了U.S.,说明文章在讨论"美国"和"全球变暖"的问题，只有C选项符合该要求，America's对应U.S.;environmental对应global warming。A项和B项的错误属于以偏概全，D项的错误属于范围过大。

针对以上所讲方法，望广大考生勤加练习，金榜题名。