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This publication aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of higher education in China. It aims to constitute a valuable resource for students, scholars, and policy makers for understanding higher education in the world's most populous country.
This report is the result of a partnership established between the World Bank Human Development Network and Shanghai Jiao Tong University's Graduate School of Education to collect and disseminate information on higher education in China.
目录
Acknowledgments
Glossary
Chapter 1 China -- Country Profile
Geography and Demographics
Contemporary Society and Culture
Administrative System
The Provinces
Chapter 2 The Chinese Education System -- History
Introduction
Educational Legacies and Values
History and Evolution
Ancient and Imperial Era (1100BC - 1840AD)
Modern Era (1840 - 1948)
Post-revolution Era (1949 - 1966)
"Cultural Revolution" Era (1967 - 1978)
New Era (1978 - present day)
Chapter 3 The Contemporary Chinese Higher Education System
Introduction
Overall Structure of the National Education System
Educational Standards
National HEIs and Local HEIs
Universities, Colleges, and Vocational Colleges
The "211" and "985" Projects
Financing and Tuition Fees
Governance of Higher Education in China
Administration
Admission Policies and Procedures
Enrollment Quotas -- The Jihua
Pathways to Enrollment
Quality Assurance
The Private and Independent Sectors
Private Institutions
=Independent Colleges
Chapter A Data and Analysis: Students and Education
Indicator A1 Students
Chart A1.1 Number of Students Enrolled in Tertiary Education, 1988 - 2008
Chart A1.2 Number of Putong Undergraduate Students, 1949 - 2008
Chart A1.3 Numbers of Zhuanke and Benke Undergraduate Students, 1988 - 2008
Chart A1.4 Number of Putong Undergraduate Students (Zhuanke vs Benke), 1988-2008
Chart A1.5 Proportion of Postgraduate Students in Tertiary Education, 1988 - 2008
Chart A1.6 Number of Adult Undergraduate Students, 2002 - 2008
Chart A1.7 Proportion of Foreign Students in Tertiary Education, 2005 - 2008
Chart A1.8 Origin of Foreign Students Enrolled in Tertiary Education, 2008
Chart A1.9 Sources of Financial Support of Foreign Students, 2008
Chart A1.10 Participation Rate at All Education Levels, 1990 - 2008
Chart A1.11 Distribution of Students across All Types of Programs, 2008
Indicator A2 Institutional Diversification
Chart A2.1 Proportion of Students Enrolled in Open Courses, 2005 - 2008
Chart A2.2 Proportion of Putong Undergraduate Students Enrolled in Non-public Institutions, 2004- 2008
Chart A2.3 Student Composition of Independent and Private Institutions, 2008
Indicator A3 Financing
Chart A3.1 Total per Student Spending on Tertiary Education, 2005 - 2007
Chart A3.2 Total per Student Spending on Tertiary Education by Type of Institution, 2007
Chart A3.3 Tuition Fees Compared to Median Income, 2008
Indicator A4 Faculty
Chart A4.1 Size of Faculty, 2002 -2008
Chart A4.2 Proportion of Faculty with a PhD, 2004 - 2008
Chart A4.3 Proportion of Female Faculty, 2003 - 2008
Chart A4.4 Proportion of Female Faculty by Rank, 2008
Chart A4.5 Number of Foreign Teachers, 2004 - 2008
Indicator A5 Access
Chart A5.1 Proportion of Female Students in Tertiary Education, 1997 - 2008
Chart A5.2 Proportion of Female Students by Study Level, 2008
Chart A5.3 Socio-economic Patterns of Students (Based on Father's Occupation), 2005
Indicator A6 Regional Balance
Chart A6.1 Number of Students in Tertiary Education by Province, 2008
Chart A6.2 Growth of Annual Undergraduate Student Enrollment by Province, 1998-2008
Chart A6.3 Growth of Annual Postgraduate Student Enrollment by Province, 2003 - 2008
Chart A6.4 Public Funding per Student, at Nationally and Provincially Administered Tertiary Institutions, 2007
Chart A6.5 Academic Qualifications of Faculty, 2007
Chart A6.6 Putong Undergraduate Education Admissions Rates by Province, 2009
Chart A6.7 Number of Foreign Tertiary Students by Province, 2008
Chapter B Data and Analysis: Graduates
Indicator B1 Attainment and Employment
Chart B1.1 Proportion of Graduates with a STEM Degree, 2001 - 2007
Chart B1.2 Proportion of the Working Population with a Tertiary Degree, 2002 - 2007
Chart B1.3 Proportion of Unemployed Adults with a Tertiary Degree, 2002 - 2008
Indicator B2 Quality and Relevance
Chart B2.1 Completion Rates of Undergraduate Students, 2004 - 2008
Chart B2.2 Completion Rates of Postgraduate Students, 2003 - 2008
Chart B2.3 Number of Bachelor's Graduates Pursuing Postgraduate Studies, 2004 - 2008
Chart B2.4 Results of International Mathematical Olympiad,1980 - 2009
Indicator B3 Study Abroad
Chart B3.1 Number of Students Leaving for and Returning from Study Abroad, 1978 - 2007
Indicator B4 Equality
Chart B4.1 Gender Balance of Graduates by Subject of Study, 2003
Chart B4.2 Gender Balance of Graduates by Residential Status, 2003
Indicator B5 Regional Balance
Chart B5.1 Number of Postgraduate Degrees Awarded by Province, 2008
Chart B5.2 Educational Attainment of the Labor Force, 2007
Chapter C Data and Analysis: Research
Indicator C1 Research Capacity
Chart C1.1 R&D Expenditure Relative to GDP, 1998 -2007
Chart C1.2 University R&D Spending by Activity, 2004- 2008
Chart C1.3 Science and Technology Funding to Universities,2000 - 2008
Indicator C2 Research Output
Chart C2.1 Number of Publications and Citations of University Research, Five-year Rolling averages, 1995 - 2004
Indicator C3 Technology Transfer
Chart C3.1 Employment Sector of Doctoral Program, 2007
Chart C3.2 Contract Dollars with Industry per R&D Personnel in Universities, 1998 - 2007
Chart C3.3 Number of University Patents, 2004 -2008
Indicator C4 Regional Balance
Chart C4.1 Science and Technology Funding to Universities,2007
Chart C4.2 Number of World-ranked Institutions, 2009
Chapter D Data and Analysis: Governance
Indicator D1 Financing Tertiary Education
Chart D1.1 Income of Tertiary Education Institutions, 1996 - 2007
Chart D1.2 Tertiary Education Budget as a Percentage of the Total National Educational Budget, 1998 -2007
Chart D1.3 Proportion of Public and Private Funding for Tertiary Education as a Percentage of GDP, 1999 -2007
Indicator D2 Balance of MoE- and Provincially-administered Institutions
Chart D2.1 Number of MoE- and Provincially-administered Institutions, 1997 - 2008
Chart D2.2 Percentage of Institutions, Faculty, students, and Awards Affiliated with the Ministry of Education, 2008
Data Sources
Notes
Appendix
List of "985" Universities
List of "211" Universities
References

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