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Contents
Ç°ÑÔ
Abstract
Chapter 1 General Introduction
1.1 Metaphorical Competence-A Neglected Dimension in Second
Language Pedagogy
1.2 Defining and Classifying Metaphor
1.3 Defining Metaphorical Competence
1.4 The Importance of Metaphorical Competence in L2
Proficiency
1.5 Structure of the Book
Chapter 2 Studies on L2 Metaphorical Competence
2.1 The Development of Metaphorical Competence in L2 Learners
2.2 Factors Affecting the Development of L2 Metaphorical
Competence
2.3 The Effect of Instruction on the Development of L2 Metaphorical
Competence
2.4 A Critique of Previous Studies
2.5 Summary
Chapter 3 Conceptualizing the Development of L2 Metaphorical
Competence:In Search of a Theoretical Framework
3.1 The Comparison Model
3.2 The Categorization Model
3.3 The Structure-mapping Model
3.4 The Career of Metaphor Hypothesis
3.5 The Career of Metaphor Hypothesis as a Theoretical Framework
for Investigating the Development of L2 Metaphorical
Competence
3.6 Summary
Chapter 4 The Development of L2 Metaphorical Competence:A COM
Hypothesis-based Account
4.1 Redefining and Operationalizing L2 Metaphorical
Competence
4.2 Factors to be Considered in Investigating the Development of L2
Metaphorical Competence
4.2.1 Context
4.2.2 Input
4.3 Variables for Investigation of Metaphorical Competence Within
the COM Hypothesis
4.3.1 Metaphor Type
4.3.2 Learning Condition
4.4 Central Issue of Research
4.5 Summary
Chapter 5 The Development of Metaphorical Competence in Advanced
Chinese EFL Learners-An Empirical Study
5.1 Research Design
5.2 Participants
5.3 Materials
5.3.1 Selection of Target Metaphors
5.3.2 Generation of Grounds for the Target Metaphors
5.3.3 Generation of Exposure Metaphors for the VT Group
5.4 Instrumentation
5.5 Procedures
5.5.1 Phase One:Administration of the Pretest
5.5.2 Phase Two:Experimental Treatment and Administration of the
Posttest
5.5.3 Phase Three:Administration of the Delayed Test and the
SRT
5.6 Data analysis
5.6.1 Scoring of MFPT
5.6.2 Coding and Scoring of MIT
5.6.3 Coding and Scoring of MPT
5.6.4 Coding of SRT Data
5.7 Results
5.7.1 Results for Research Hypotheses Testing
5.7.2 Results for Metaphor Processing Strategies
5.8 Summary
Chapter 6 The COM Hypothesis Account of the Development of L2
Metaphorical Competence
6.1 The Effect of Metaphor Type on the Development of L2
Metaphorical Competence
6.2 The Effect of Learning Condition on the Development of L2
Metaphorical Competence
6.2.1 The Effect of Learning Condition on the Abstraction of
Metaphoric Categories
6.2.2 The Effect of Learning Condition on the Transfer of the
Abstracted Metaphoric Categories
6.3 The COM Hypothesis as a Theoretical Framework for the
Development of L2 Metaphorical Competence:A Revisit
6.4 Implications for Foreign Language Pedagogy
6.5 Directions for Future Research
References
Appendices
Appendix 1 Familiarity Rating Test
Appendix 2 Familiarity Ratings for the 115 Metaphors
Appendix 3 Metaphor Classification Test for the 81 Metaphors
Appendix 4 Results of Metaphor Classification Test for the 81
Metaphors
Appendix 5 Exposure Materials for the VT Group
Appendix 6 Metaphor Form Preference Test
Appendix 7 Manipulation Materials for the SR Group(Similarity
Rating Task)
Appendix 8 Manipulation Materials for the SD Group(Similarity
Discrimination Task)
Appendix 9 Verbal Accounts of Thought Processes by Each Participant
Group in the Stimulated Recall Task with Cues of Parsing
Strategies
ºó¼Ç
List of Tables
Table 5-1 Target Metaphors with Familiarity Ratings and Agreement
Percentages
Table 5-2 Grounds for the 24 Target Metaphors
Table 5-3 Grounds for the 8 Hybrid Metaphors That Capture Both
Mappings
Table 5-4 Example Experimental Stimuli for the VT Group
Table 5-5 Examples of Comparison and Categorization Cues
Table 5-6 A Summary of Five Kinds of Domain
Comparison(Gentner,1989:206)
Table 5-7 Means and Standard Deviations of Four Participant Groups'
Metaphor Form Preference on Three Metaphor Types Before and After
Experimental Treatment
Table 5-8 Two-way ANOVA(Mixed Design)for Metaphor Form Preference
as a Function of Learning Condition and Metaphor Type
Table 5-9 Means and Standard Deviations of Categorization Cues by
Four Participant Groups on Three Metaphor Types Before and After
Experimental Treatment
Table 5-10 Two-way ANOVA(Mixed Design)for Use of Categorization
Cues as a Function of Learning Condition and Metaphor Type
Table 5-11 Means and Standard Deviations of Correctly Supplied
Target Terms by Four Participant Groups on Three Types of Metaphor
with Accuracy Rates(%)
Table 5-12 Means and Standard Deviations of Original Target Terms
by Four Participant Groups for Three Types of Metaphor on Two
Occasions
Table 5-13 Two-way ANOVA(Mixed Design)for Production of Original
Target Terms as a Function of Learning Condition and Metaphor
Type
Table 5-14 Frequency Distribution of Strategy Use by Four
Participant Groups When Interpreting Three Types of Metaphor(Single
Parsing)
Table 5-15 Frequency Distribution of Strategy Use by Four
Participant Groups When Interpreting Three Types of
Metaphor(Multiple Parsing)
List of Figures
Figure 3-1 A Feature-matching Interpretation of the Metaphor Dew is
a veil
Figure 3-2 A Categorization Interpretation of the Metaphor My job
is a jail
Figure 3-3a Cross Categorization of Lawyer and Shark
Figure 3-3b Cross Categorization of Lawyer and Shark
Figure 3-4 Overview of the Algorithm Used by the Structuremapping
Engine
Figure 3-5 A Structure-mapping Interpretation of the Metaphor Men
are wolves
Figure 3-6 A Structure-mapping Interpretation of the Metaphor
Socrates is a midwife
Figure 3-7 The Career of Metaphor
Figure 3-8 The Career of Metaphor:From Novel to Conventional
Metaphor
Figure 4-1 Similarity Space,Showing Different Kinds of Matches in
Terms of the Degree of Relational Versus Object-Description
Overlap
Figure 5-1 The Investigative Procedures to Trace L2 Learners'
Development of MC
Figure 5-2 A Schematic View of the Data Collection Procedures for
the Study
Figure 5-3 Metaphor Interpretation Processes
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