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List of Acronyms
List of Figures
List ofTables
Chapter1 Introduction
¡¡1.1 Need for the study
¡¡¡¡1.1.1 Students perspective
¡¡¡¡1.1.2 Teachers perspective
¡¡¡¡1.1.3 Purpose of the study
¡¡1.2 Configuration of the study
¡¡¡¡1.2.1 Study procedure
¡¡¡¡1.2.2 Study questions
¡¡1.3 Significance of the study
¡¡1.4 Layout of the book
¡¡1.5 Summary
Chapter2 Literature Review
¡¡2.1 Fundamentals of oral proficiency
¡¡¡¡2.1.1 Speech communication and its characteristics
¡¡¡¡2.1.2 Essence of speech communication
¡¡¡¡¡¡2.1.2.1 Language use versus usage
¡¡¡¡¡¡2.1.2.2 Communicative competence versus linguistic competence
¡¡¡¡¡¡2.1.2.3 Accuracy versus fluency
¡¡¡¡¡¡2.1.2.4 Correctness versus appropriateness
¡¡¡¡¡¡2.1.2.5 Proficiency versus achievement
¡¡¡¡¡¡2.1.2.6 Process versus product
¡¡¡¡¡¡2.1.2.7 Synthetic approach versus analytic approach
¡¡¡¡¡¡2.1.2.8 The learner versus the teacher
¡¡¡¡2.1.3 Components of oral proficiency
¡¡2.2 Classification of oral rating scales
¡¡¡¡2.2.1 Holistic rating scales
¡¡¡¡2.2.2 Analytic rating scales
¡¡¡¡2.2.3 Combination of holistic&analytic rating scales
¡¡¡¡2.2.4 Integration of holistic&analytic rating scales
¡¡¡¡2.2.5 Using analytic rating scales for the project
¡¡2.3 Summary
Chapter3 Study Bases
¡¡3.1 Empirical basis
¡¡¡¡3.1.1 Syllabus description
¡¡¡¡3.1.2 Oral tests of CET&TEM
¡¡3.2 Theoretical basis
¡¡¡¡3.2.1 CLA model
¡¡¡¡¡¡3.2.1.1 Language competence
¡¡¡¡¡¡3.2.1.2 Strategic competence
¡¡¡¡¡¡3.2.1.3 Psychophysiological mechanisms
¡¡¡¡¡¡3.2.1.4 Significance of CLA to OARS
¡¡¡¡¡¡3.2.1.5 Trait factors of CLA
¡¡¡¡3.2.2 Cohen's rating scale for pragmatic speaking
¡¡¡¡3.2.3 Nunn's rating scales for small group interaction
¡¡¡¡¡¡3.2.3.1 Nunn's rating scales of interactive skills
¡¡¡¡¡¡3.2.3.2 Nunn's rating scales of intelligibility
¡¡¡¡¡¡3.2.3.3 Significance of Nunn's rating scales to OARS
¡¡¡¡3.2.4 Reconsiderations on strategic competence
¡¡¡¡¡¡3.2.4.1 Classification of strategic competence
¡¡¡¡¡¡3.2.4.2 Evaluation of nonverbal communication
¡¡3.3 Summary
Chapter4 Construction of OARS
Chapter5 The PilotValidation Study
Chapter6 The Field Validation Study
Chapter7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Appendix1 Empirical Basis
Appendix2 Questionnaires
Appendix3 Experiments
Appendix4 Data of the Validation Study

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