上海交通大学 - 话题

Problem A. Old Bill
Input file: standard input
Output file: standard output

Among grandfather's papers a bill was found.
72 turkeys $_679_

The first and the last digits of the number that obviously represented the
total price of those turkeys are replaced here by blanks (denoted _), for
they are faded and are illegible. What are the two faded digits and what
was the price of one turkey?
We want to write a program that solves a general version of the above
problem.
N turkeys $_XYZ_

The total number of turkeys, N, is between 1 and 99, including both. The
total price originally consisted of five digits, but we can see only the
three digits in the middle. We assume that the first digit is nonzero, that
the price of one turkeys is an integer number of dollars, and that all the
turkeys cost the same price.
Given N, X, Y, and Z, write a program that guesses the two faded digits and
the original price. In case that there is more than one candidate for the
original price, the output should be the most expensive one. That is, the
program is to report the two faded digits and the maximum price per turkey
for the turkeys.

Input
The first line of the input file contains an integer N (0<N<100), which
represents the number of turkeys. In the following line, there are the
three decimal digits X, Y, and Z., separated by a space, of the original
price $_XYZ_.

Output
For the input case, there may be more than one candidate for the original
price or there is none. In the latter case your program is to report 0.
Otherwise, if there is more than one candidate for the original price, the
program is to report the two faded digits and the maximum price per turkey
for the turkeys.

Sample input and output
Standard input                         standard output
72                                     3 2 511
6 7 9

5                                      9 5 18475
2 3 7

78                                     0
0 0 5


Problem B. Powerful Calculator
Input file: standard input
Output file: standard output

Today, facing the rapid development of business, SJTU recognizes that more
powerful calculator should be studied, developed and appeared in future
market shortly. SJTU now invites you attending such amazing research and
development work.
In most business applications, the top three useful calculation operators
are Addition (+), Subtraction (-) and Multiplication (×) between two given
integers. Normally, you may think it is just a piece of cake. However,
since some integers for calculation in business application may be very
big, such as the GDP of the whole world, the calculator becomes harder to
develop.
For example, if we have two integers 20 000 000 000 000 000 and 4 000 000
000 000 000, the exact results of addition, subtraction and multiplication
are:
20000000000000000 + 4000000000000000 = 24 000 000 000 000 000
20000000000000000 - 4000000000000000 = 16 000 000 000 000 000
20000000000000000 × 4000000000000000 = 80 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
000 000

Note: SJTU prefers the exact format of the results rather than the float
format or scientific remark format. For instance, we need
"24000000000000000" rather than 2.4×10^16.
As a programmer in SJTU, your current task is to develop a program to
obtain the exact results of the addition (a + b), subtraction (a - b) and
multiplication (a × b) between two given integers a and b.

Input
The input file consist of two separate lines where the first line gives the
integer a and the second gives b (|a| <10^200 and |b| < 10^200).

Output
For the input file, output three separate lines showing the exact results
of addition (a + b), subtraction (a - b) and multiplication (a × b) of
that case, one result per lines.

Sample input and output
Standard input                        standard output
20000000000000000                     24000000000000000
4000000000000000                      16000000000000000
                                      80000000000000000000000000000000


Problem C. Sum of Factorials
Input file: standard input
Output file: standard output

John von Neumann, b. Dec. 28, 1903, d. Feb. 8, 1957, was a
Hungarian-American mathematician who made important contributions to the
foundations of mathematics, logic, quantum physics, meteorology, science,
computers, and game theory. He was noted for a phenomenal memory and the
speed with which he absorbed ideas and solved problems. In 1925 he received
a B.S. diploma in chemical engineering from Zurich Institute and in 1926 a
Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Budapest, His Ph.D.
dissertation on set theory was an important contributions to the subject.
At the age of 20, von Neumann proposed a new definition of ordinal numbers
that was universally adopted. While still in his twenties, he made many
contributions in both pure and applied mathematics that established him as
a mathematician of unusual depth. His Mathematical Foundation of Quantum
Mechanics (1932) built a solid framework for the new scientific discipline.
During this time he also proved the mini-max theorem of GAME THEORY. He
gradually expanded his work in game theory, and with coauthor Oskar
Morgenstern he wrote Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (1944).
There are some numbers which can be expressed by the sum of factorials. For
example 9, 9 = 1! + 2! + 3! . Dr. von Neumann was very interested in such
numbers. So, he gives you a number n, and wants you to tell whether or not
the number can be expressed by the sum of some factorials.
Well, it is just a piece of case. For a given n, you will check if there
are some xi, and let n equal to
∑t (上标) i=1（下标） xi! (t≥1, xi≥0, xi = xj <==> i = j)
      t
即  ∑    xi! (t≥1, xi≥0, xi = xj <==> i = j)
      i=1
If the answer is yes, say "YES"; otherwise, print out
"NO".

Input
You will get a non-negative integer n (n≤1,000,000) from input file.

Output
For the n in the input file, you should print exactly one word ("YES" or
"NO") in a single line. No extra spaces are allowed.

Sample input and output
Standard input                      standard output
9                                   YES
2                                   YES


Problem D. Zero-complexity Transposition
Input file: standard input
Output file: standard output

You are given a sequence of integer numbers. Zero-complexity transposition
of the sequence is the reverse of this sequence. Your task is to write a
program that prints zero-complexity transposition of the given sequence.

Input
The first line of the input file contains one integer n-length of the
sequence (0 ＜ n ≤ 10 000). The second line contains n integers
numbers-a1, a2, …, an (-1 000 000 000 000 000 ≤ ai ≤ 1 000 000 000 000
000).

Output
On the first line of the output file print the sequence in the reverse
order.

Sample input and output
Standard input                           standard output
3                                        3 2 1
1 2 3

5                                        9 -8 6 4 -3
-3 4 6 -8 9

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